However, there is a bridge between formal mathematical theory and the messy world of experiment where idealised assumptions often do not hold up. Videos of black holes would be of significant interest to theoretical physicists. These scientists combined their early telescopic and microscopic images with artistic techniques so they would be legible to non-specialist audiences (particularly those who did not have access to the relevant instruments). This approach connects to historical practices of technology-assisted scientific images, such as those by Galileo, Robert Hooke, and Johannes Hevelius. James Park by Robert Hooke, from Micrographia (1665). Diversity of beliefs and practices among collaboration members can be beneficial to science.ĭrawings of the microscopic structure of cork, and the sprig of a plant observed in St. To resolve such questions, it’s important to balance collaborative approaches and structure everyone’s involvement in a way that promotes consensus, but also allows people to express dissent. Should one expect each author to believe and be willing to defend every part of the paper and its conclusions? How should we all determine what will be included? If everyone has to agree with what is included, will this result in only publishing conservative, watered-down results? And how do you allow for individual creativity and boundary-pushing science (especially when you are attempting to be the first to capture something)? Now imagine trying to write a scientific paper with over 300 people. If you’ve ever tried to write a paper (or anything!) with someone else, you know how difficult it can be. University of Arizona, David Harvey/ESO, CC BY How can we all collaborate? More telescopes will be added in the next stage of the ngEHT collaboration. The Submillimeter Telescope in Arizona is one of the original telescope sites used to produce the first images of black holes. The report has four focus areas: collaborative knowledge formation, philosophical foundations, algorithms and visualisation, and responsible telescope siting. The history, philosophy and culture working group has just published a landmark report outlining how humanities and social science scholars can work with astrophysicists and engineers from the first stages of a project. This ambitious endeavour needs over 300 experts organised into three technical working groups and eight science working groups. The collaboration is currently in the process of selecting optimal places across the world, to increase the number of sites to approximately 20. Now, new telescopes at new sites are being built to better fill in the gaps of the broken mirror. The 2019 first-ever image of a black hole was made by borrowing existing telescopes at six sites. Then you record the light caught by each of these pieces while keeping track of the timing, and collect those data in a supercomputer to virtually reconstruct an Earth-sized detector. Imagine shattering a mirror and scattering the pieces across the world. Harvard astrophysicist Shep Doeleman, the founding director of the EHT, has likened this kind of astronomy to using a broken mirror.
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